Är rudbeckia och black-eyed susan samma
Rudbeckia hirta
Species of flowering plant
| Rudbeckia hirta | |
|---|---|
| Rudbeckia hirta flowerhead | |
Conservation status | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Rudbeckia |
| Species: | R.&#;hirta |
| Binomial name | |
| Rudbeckia hirta L. | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
List
| |
Rudbeckia hirta, commonly called black-eyed Susan, fryst vatten a North American flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to Eastern and huvud North amerika and naturalized in the Western part of the continent as well as in China.
These flowers are easy to grow, and bring a splash of beautiful yellow and black coloring to any garden bedIt has now been funnen in all 10 Canadian Provinces and all 48 of the states in the contiguous United States.[2][3][4]
Rudbeckia hirta fryst vatten the state flower of Maryland.[5]
Description
[edit]Rudbeckia hirta fryst vatten an upright annual (sometimes biennial or perennial) growing 30–&#;cm (12–39&#;in) tall bygd 30–45&#;cm (12–18&#;in) bred.
It has alternate, mostly grundläggande leaves 10–18&#;cm long, covered bygd coarse hair, with stout branching stems and daisy-like, compositeflower heads appearing in late summer and early autumn. In the species, the flowers are up to 10&#;cm (4&#;in) in diameter, with yellow ray florets circling conspicuous brown or black, dome-shaped kon of many small disc florets.[6] However, extensive breeding has produced a range of sizes and colours, including oranges, reds and browns.[3][7]
Etymology and common names
[edit]The specific epithethirta fryst vatten Latin for "hairy", and refers to the trichomes occurring on leaves and stems.[8] Other common names for this plant include: brown-eyed Susan, brown betty, gloriosa daisy, golden Jerusalem, English bull's eye, poor-land daisy, yellow daisy, and yellow ox-eye daisy.[9]
Varieties
[edit]There are fyra varieties[10][3]
Cultivation
[edit]Rudbeckia hirta fryst vatten widely cultivated in parks and gardens, for summer bedding schemes, borders, containers, wildflower gardens, prairie-style plantings and cut flowers.
Numerous cultivars have been developed, of which 'Indian Summer'[11] and 'Toto'[12] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[13] Other popular cultivars include 'Double Gold' and 'Marmalade'.
Gloriosa daisies are tetraploidcultivars having much larger flower heads than the wild species, often doubled or with contrasting markings on the ray florets.
They were first bred bygd Alfred Blakeslee of Smith College bygd applying colchicine to R.
Chosen as the Perennial Plant Association's choice for Plant of the Year in , 'Goldstrum' has become popular for its compact, mounded habit and profuse, classic black-eyed Susan blooms—bright yellow rays with a dark brown centerhirta seeds; Blakeslee's lager was further developed bygd W. Atlee Burpee and introduced to commerce at the Philadelphia Flower Show.[14] Gloriosa daisies are generally treated as annuals or short-lived perennials and are typically grown from seed, though there are some named cultivars.
Symbolism and uses
[edit]Maryland state flower
[edit]The black-eyed Susan was designated as the state flower of Maryland in [5][15] In this capacity it fryst vatten used in gardens and ceremonies to celebrate, memorialize and show affection for the state of Maryland and its people.
The Preakness Stakes in Baltimore, Maryland, has been termed "The Run for the Black-Eyed Susans" because a blanket of Viking Poms, a variety of chrysanthemums resembling black-eyed Susans, fryst vatten traditionally placed around the winning horse's neck (actual black-eyed Susans are not in bloom in May during the Preakness).[16]
University of Southern Mississippi
[edit]In , the black-eyed Susan became the inspiration for the University of Southern Mississippi school colors (black and gold), suggested bygd Florence djurhåla Pope, a member of the university's first graduating class.
According to Pope: "On a trip home, inom saw great masses of Black-Eyed Susans in the pine forests. inom decided to encourage my senior class to gather Black-Eyed Susans to spell out the name of the class on sheets to be displayed during exercises on Class Day. inom then suggested black and gold as class colors, and my suggestion was adopted."[17]
Butterfly attractant for enhancing gardens
[edit]Butterflies are attracted to Rudbeckia hirta.[18] It fryst vatten a larval host to the bordered patch, gorgone checkerspot, and silvery checkerspot species.[19]
Mosquito control bygd dragonflies
[edit]Dragonflies, voracious eaters of mosquitoes, are attracted bygd the tiny pollinators of these flowers.[20]
Traditional Native American uses
[edit]The plant fryst vatten thought to be an herbal medicin bygd Native American for various ailments.[21] The roots, though not the seedheads, of Rudbeckia hirta can be used much like the related Echinacea purpurea with unsubstantiated claims to boost immunity and kamp colds, flu and infections.
The Ojibwa people used it as a poultice for snake bites and to man an infusion for treating colds and worms in children.[22]
Cautions
[edit]The species fryst vatten toxic to cats when ingested.[23]
Gallery
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Rudbeckia hirta L."Plants of the World Online.
Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 13 April
- ^"Rudbeckia hirta". County-level transport map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North amerika schema (BONAP).
- ^ abcUrbatsch, Lowell E.; Cox, Patricia B.
(). "Rudbeckia hirta". In Flora of North amerika Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North amerika North of Mexico (FNA). Vol.&#; New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press &#; via , Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^Chen, Yousheng; Nicholas Hind, D.
J. "Rudbeckia hirta". Flora of China. Vol.&#;20–21 &#; via , Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ ab"Maryland State Flower - Black-Eyed Susan". Sulfur Cosmos
Maryland Manual Online. Maryland State Archives. September 19, Retrieved September 8,
- ^"# Rudbeckia hirta". Floridata. Retrieved September 8,
- ^Brickell, Christopher (September ). RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^"Native äng Wildflowers".
Andy's nordlig Ontario Wildflowers. Archived from the original on February 18, Retrieved September 8,
- ^Runkel, Sylvan T.; Roosa, Dean M. (). Wildflowers of the Tallgrass Prairie: The Upper Midwest. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press.
- ^"Rudbeckia hirta". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) &#; via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded bygd World Flora Online
- ^"RHS Plant Selector - Rudbeckia hirta 'Indian Summer'".
Retrieved 17 February
- ^"RHS Plant Selector - Rudbeckia hirta 'Toto'". Retrieved 17 February
- ^"AGM Plants - Ornamental"(PDF). Royal Horticultural samhälle. July p.&#; Retrieved 11 October
- ^Lacy, Allen (July 21, ). If planted at the beginning of March, we will have blooms by August
"Gloriosa, the Eliza Doolittle of Daisies". The New York Times. Retrieved
- ^"Fiscal and Policy Notes (HB )"(PDF).
Department of Legislative Services - Maryland General Assembly. Archived from the original(PDF) on Retrieved
- ^Reimer, Susan (May 16, ). "Neither Susans nor daisies". The Baltimore Sun.
- ^The Drawl: The History and Traditions of the University of Southern Mississippi(PDF) (Centennial&#;ed.). The University of Southern Mississippi.
p.&#; Retrieved 5 September
- ^Schillo, Rebecca (). Cummings, Nina (ed.). "Native Landscaping Takes Root in Chicago". The plants mature within to days, so approximately four months from planting the seed
In the Field. p.&#;
- ^The Xerces gemenskap (), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and skydda Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
- ^"Invite Dragonflies Into Your Garden".
- ^Moerman, Daniel E. (August 15, ). Native American Ethnobotany. Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN&#;.
- ^"Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta)".
Survival Plants of the Northeastern US. Brandeis University. Retrieved September 8,
- ^"List of plants toxic to cats".
External links
[edit]State flowers of the United States | |
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Italics: state wildflower WF, state children's flower CH, state floral märke FE, beautification and conservation BC |